Αυτος ο τομεας ειναι για καθε συμμαχια που επιθυμει να ανακοινωσει την επιθυμια της για καποια μαχη ή για να προκαλεσει δημοσια αλλες συμμαχιες.
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Συμμαχικες Προκλησεις
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Αποτελεσματα Τουρνουα
Εδω συγκεντρωνονται ολα τα αποτελεσματα των Τουρνουα!
Αποτελεσματα:
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα I
Champion: RubberDucky
Finalist:
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα II
Champion: Mila Superstar
Finalist:
Supremacy 1914 World Cup III
Champion: ghjfle77
Finalist:
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα IV
Champion: ghjfle77
Finalist:
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα V
Champion: Lord Mik
Finalist:
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα VI
Champion: isegrim762
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα I
Champion: Die Seeteufel
Finalist: Party Hijackers
Semi-Finalist: G-S-T and Iron Fist Battlegroup
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα II
Champion: PonySlaystation
Finalist: A Clockwork Bunny
Semi-Finalist: G-S-T and Indremissionske Supremacy Kammerater
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα III
Champion: QUANTUM
Finalist: A Clockwork Bunny
Semi-Finalist: G-S-T and PonySlaystation
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα IV
Champion: Pro Patria
Finalist: S.P.Q.R Die Legionäre
Semi-Finalist: Oberste Heeresleitung and SPECTRE
Supermacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα V
Champion: PonySlaystation
Finalist: S.P.Q.R Die Legionäre
Semi-Finalist: Tigris fiebant Leones and Pro Patria
Αποτελεσματα:
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα I
Champion: RubberDucky
Finalist:
- Bacrone
- Cosar
- Hagi
- Huskerdogg
- Molt
- Muddi
- Praxis
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα II
Champion: Mila Superstar
Finalist:
- BadButBit
- Egbert Bravoni
- laughinman
- Manawydan
- Masfortuna
- Phalanx
- Recess
- Saradur
- Sp4ck0
Supremacy 1914 World Cup III
Champion: ghjfle77
Finalist:
- Wodan
- Hasi
- rhalada
- Lord Brimstone
- vathek
- Anoni Mus
- me0913
- recess
- Mr_GeGGi
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα IV
Champion: ghjfle77
Finalist:
- Buck Rogers
- DeSadePL
- Greybeard
- lautenbomber
- Macchiavelli
- Michael1
- texastimm
- wolf22
- Xurbicapus
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα V
Champion: Lord Mik
Finalist:
- Churro
- Don John
- Jockel
- Kipras
- Macchiavelli
- mansteinv
- Peflord
- TheKurgan
- vonTronje
Supremacy 1914 Ατομικο Τουρνουα VI
Champion: isegrim762
- Finalist:
- asd2007
- dadamek
- Daniosen
- gamberrus
- Hubert1914
- LazarusUriel
- Shavanar
- thomba
- votto
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα I
Champion: Die Seeteufel
Finalist: Party Hijackers
Semi-Finalist: G-S-T and Iron Fist Battlegroup
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα II
Champion: PonySlaystation
Finalist: A Clockwork Bunny
Semi-Finalist: G-S-T and Indremissionske Supremacy Kammerater
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα III
Champion: QUANTUM
Finalist: A Clockwork Bunny
Semi-Finalist: G-S-T and PonySlaystation
Supremacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα IV
Champion: Pro Patria
Finalist: S.P.Q.R Die Legionäre
Semi-Finalist: Oberste Heeresleitung and SPECTRE
Supermacy 1914 Συμμαχικο Τουρνουα V
Champion: PonySlaystation
Finalist: S.P.Q.R Die Legionäre
Semi-Finalist: Tigris fiebant Leones and Pro Patria
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Geen weg
Hallo mensen,
ik speel momenteel een Afrika map en ben er achter gekomen dat er tussen het Marokkaanse Tan-Tan en Tifariti uit Río de Oro geen weg ligt, terwijl de provincies/steden naast elkaar liggen en dus een weg zou moeten hebben.
Over het hoofd gezien?
ik speel momenteel een Afrika map en ben er achter gekomen dat er tussen het Marokkaanse Tan-Tan en Tifariti uit Río de Oro geen weg ligt, terwijl de provincies/steden naast elkaar liggen en dus een weg zou moeten hebben.
Over het hoofd gezien?
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Kεντρο στρατολογησης συμμαχιων
Παικτες που ψαχνουν για Συμμαχια και Συμμαχιες που συγχρονως στρατολογουν παικτες μπορουν να ποσταρουν εδω.
Παικτες:
Αν ενδιαφερεσαι κανε post εδω και αναφερε λιγα πραγματα για τον τροπο παιχνιδιου σου, τα κινητρα ενταξης σε μια συμμαχια και τι νομιζεις οτι θα προσεφερες σε μια συμμαχια.
Συμμαχιες:
Αν οντως στρατολογειτε , καντε post εδω αναφεροντας τον τυπο του παικτη που επιθυμειτε, τι ειδους ομαδα θεωρειτε οτι ειστε αλλα και αλλες σχετικες επικοινωνιακες πληροφοριες (διευθυνση εσωτερικης ιστοσελιδας, υπευθυνοι για αμεση επικοινωνια, εξωτερικο φορουμ κ.λπ.)
Να θυμαστε να ελεγχετε τις ημερομηνιες των posts και να επεξεργαζεστε τα post σας αν επιλεξετε να παυσετε την στρατολογηση.
Οποιος ποσταρει εχοντας το αναγνωριστικο της Συμμαχιας πριν απο το ονομα του εχει ηδη βρει το μερος του.
Παικτες:
Αν ενδιαφερεσαι κανε post εδω και αναφερε λιγα πραγματα για τον τροπο παιχνιδιου σου, τα κινητρα ενταξης σε μια συμμαχια και τι νομιζεις οτι θα προσεφερες σε μια συμμαχια.
Συμμαχιες:
Αν οντως στρατολογειτε , καντε post εδω αναφεροντας τον τυπο του παικτη που επιθυμειτε, τι ειδους ομαδα θεωρειτε οτι ειστε αλλα και αλλες σχετικες επικοινωνιακες πληροφοριες (διευθυνση εσωτερικης ιστοσελιδας, υπευθυνοι για αμεση επικοινωνια, εξωτερικο φορουμ κ.λπ.)
Να θυμαστε να ελεγχετε τις ημερομηνιες των posts και να επεξεργαζεστε τα post σας αν επιλεξετε να παυσετε την στρατολογηση.
Οποιος ποσταρει εχοντας το αναγνωριστικο της Συμμαχιας πριν απο το ονομα του εχει ηδη βρει το μερος του.
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Rpg ??
Hey Leute kann mir jemand sagen was RPG bedeutet?!:D
Danke im Voraus:)
Danke im Voraus:)
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Losing the siege - Now what?
So I'm playing Malay (kindof between Taiwan and Australia). First day, it turns out I'm spread across two islands, with a long border with an AI to my south and a narrow one with a human to the north. The AI neighbor is resource-rich (a double grain and double steel province are there for the picking), so I immediately attack.
First off, I quickly learn how reinforcing works. Somehow before I can make much headway against his garrisons with my stronger force he is able to bring all of the neighboring garrisons in to defend. The first attack (15 on 11) happens while I'm sleeping, and is a bloodbath. I may have killed five units, losing all of my 15 plus an additional 3 reserves (I didn't realise how bad it was to attack with split armies.)
When I woke up, the second attack was under way. I had attacked with ~23 against 11, and it looks like he had one reinforcement in already so the numbers were now 21-17. Another reinforcing group of 10 was heading up the road, an hour out.
So obviously things are about to get bad at the siege, and I considered the options. Just retreat? Try to bring up reinforcements of my own? How about breaking off small units to capture the behind-the-lines neighboring provinces that the AI had stripped bare to reinforce this one? My best bet was to take my 21 army and intercept the reinforcement column (only 10).
I am stuck, because I don't know how these things work. Maybe they just don't?
1) Is it possible to attack an army on the road? I tried pointing my besieging army to them, and it just didn't work. They joined the garrison I was continuing to fight. Could be because of #2...
2) Is it possible to move through an enemy garrison (they always sit on road intersections) and travel on down the road to get at those stripped-bare provinces? Or do you have to conquer the city before you can move on?
3) If you capture a province that is surrounded by enemy provinces, are you crippled by the lack of supply lines? If it's coastal does that help?
4) How does disengaging work? I've been waiting all morning (3 hours) for my army to disengage from this now-hopeless fight - They just keep fighting.
5) How does reinforcing (an attacking army mid-fight) work? Just drag and drop the reinforcements onto that army? I haven't tried that yet.
Thanks for any help you can provide!
Signed,
A newbie.
First off, I quickly learn how reinforcing works. Somehow before I can make much headway against his garrisons with my stronger force he is able to bring all of the neighboring garrisons in to defend. The first attack (15 on 11) happens while I'm sleeping, and is a bloodbath. I may have killed five units, losing all of my 15 plus an additional 3 reserves (I didn't realise how bad it was to attack with split armies.)
When I woke up, the second attack was under way. I had attacked with ~23 against 11, and it looks like he had one reinforcement in already so the numbers were now 21-17. Another reinforcing group of 10 was heading up the road, an hour out.
So obviously things are about to get bad at the siege, and I considered the options. Just retreat? Try to bring up reinforcements of my own? How about breaking off small units to capture the behind-the-lines neighboring provinces that the AI had stripped bare to reinforce this one? My best bet was to take my 21 army and intercept the reinforcement column (only 10).
I am stuck, because I don't know how these things work. Maybe they just don't?
1) Is it possible to attack an army on the road? I tried pointing my besieging army to them, and it just didn't work. They joined the garrison I was continuing to fight. Could be because of #2...
2) Is it possible to move through an enemy garrison (they always sit on road intersections) and travel on down the road to get at those stripped-bare provinces? Or do you have to conquer the city before you can move on?
3) If you capture a province that is surrounded by enemy provinces, are you crippled by the lack of supply lines? If it's coastal does that help?
4) How does disengaging work? I've been waiting all morning (3 hours) for my army to disengage from this now-hopeless fight - They just keep fighting.
5) How does reinforcing (an attacking army mid-fight) work? Just drag and drop the reinforcements onto that army? I haven't tried that yet.
Thanks for any help you can provide!
Signed,
A newbie.
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[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
![Click image for larger version.
Name: 140304_Crimea_Special_02_img.jpg
Views: 2
Size: 98.1 KB
ID: 14060]()
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
↧
[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
![Click image for larger version.
Name: 140304_Crimea_Special_02_img.jpg
Views: 2
Size: 98.1 KB
ID: 14061]()
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
↧
[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
![Click image for larger version.
Name: 140304_Crimea_Special_02_img.jpg
Views: 2
Size: 98.1 KB
ID: 14063]()
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - Une histoire brève sur les relations Russie-Ukraine et le rôle de la Crimée Part 2
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
![Click image for larger version.
Name: 140304_Crimea_Special_02_img.jpg
Views: 2
Size: 98.1 KB
ID: 14064]()
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
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On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
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On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - Na krawędzi: krótka historia o stosunkach rosyjsko-ukraińskich i roli Krymu, cz. II
Na krawędzi: krótka historia o stosunkach rosyjsko-ukraińskich i roli Krymu
Część II: Ukraina pod koniec I Wojny Światowej oraz Krym pomiędzy dwoma siłami.
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W obliczu porażki, liderzy Rady Politycznej rozpoczęli negocjacje z państwami centralnymi, w końcu przekonano zarówno Niemcy i Austro-Węgry do połączenia sił. Po traktacie brzeskim, Bolszewicy na Ukrainie byli zmuszeni zakończyć konflikt, przynajmniej formalnie. W rzeczywistości, ataki kontynuowano i wraz z deklaracją anty-bolszewickiego Hetmanatu napięcia z Rosją osiągnęły nowy punkt kulminacyjny, ponieważ rząd zawarł silne więzi z Berlinem. Aż do listopada 1918 roku Ukraina obserwowała krótki okres pokoju i stabilności politycznej, ale kiedy siły niemieckie zostały wycofane, utworzone relacje złamano, pozostawiając Ukrainę ponownie pod wpływem rosyjskim.
Gdy I Wojna światowa dobiegła końca, a Niemcy zostały pokonane, rosyjski rząd Lenina nie tracił czasu, aby wyrazić swoje stanowisko: cofnąć traktat brzeski i najechać kraje wschodnie, które wcześniej utrzymywały bliskie relacje z Niemcami lub Austro-Węgrami. W Galicji została utworzona Zachodnioukraińska Republika Ludowa. Kilka miesięcy później Wschodnia Galicja została podbita przez polskie siły zbrojne i zaanektowana do Polski. Krym był niepodległą republiką i wykorzystywano go jako główny punkt lądowania dla interweniujących sił europejskich. Jednak interwencja ta nie miała w ogóle wpływu na ukraińską politykę.
W latach 1919 i 1920, Ukraina oglądała stały wzrost wpływów Rosji, a wojska bolszewickie zajęły Kijów 5 lutego 1919 roku. Ukraińska Republika Ludowa doznała druzgoczącej porażki w konsekwencji został przywrócony radziecki rząd ukraiński. Jednak wojska bolszewickie nie były w stanie całkowicie zniszczyć ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej, w obliczu ofensywy ‘Białych’ w Południowej Rosji. W roku 1920 cała wschodnia i centralna Ukraina, z wyjątkiem Krymu, była ponownie w rękach bolszewików.
Krym, w tym momencie historii był pod silnym wpływem antykomunistycznych sił „Białych”pod dowództwem Wranglera. Jakkolwiek, jego siły stanowiły ostatni punkt oporu przeciwko siłom anarchistów oraz armii czerwonej w 1920 roku. W przybliżeniu 50.000 jeńców wojennych poddano egzekucji na Krymie. Jest to uważane za największą masakrę w wojnie domowej. Krymska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka (KSRR) została ogłoszona częścią Rosyjskiej ZSRR.
W 1922 wojna domowa się skończyła, a partia komunistyczna proklamowała powstanie Związeku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich (ZSRR), Federacji Rosyjskiej, Zachodniej Ukrainy, Białorusi i Zakaukazia. Po II Wojnie Światowej Ukraina otrzymała z powrotem swoje terytoria historyczne - część Węgier i przedwojennej Polski. W 1954 Obwód Krymski dołączono do Ukrainy. Jednak Ukraina nie była niezależną republiką, aż do upadku ZSRR. Półwysep Krymski ponownie jest miejscem walki o władze między Rosją a Ukrainą.
Wersja EN
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Część II: Ukraina pod koniec I Wojny Światowej oraz Krym pomiędzy dwoma siłami.
W obliczu porażki, liderzy Rady Politycznej rozpoczęli negocjacje z państwami centralnymi, w końcu przekonano zarówno Niemcy i Austro-Węgry do połączenia sił. Po traktacie brzeskim, Bolszewicy na Ukrainie byli zmuszeni zakończyć konflikt, przynajmniej formalnie. W rzeczywistości, ataki kontynuowano i wraz z deklaracją anty-bolszewickiego Hetmanatu napięcia z Rosją osiągnęły nowy punkt kulminacyjny, ponieważ rząd zawarł silne więzi z Berlinem. Aż do listopada 1918 roku Ukraina obserwowała krótki okres pokoju i stabilności politycznej, ale kiedy siły niemieckie zostały wycofane, utworzone relacje złamano, pozostawiając Ukrainę ponownie pod wpływem rosyjskim.
Gdy I Wojna światowa dobiegła końca, a Niemcy zostały pokonane, rosyjski rząd Lenina nie tracił czasu, aby wyrazić swoje stanowisko: cofnąć traktat brzeski i najechać kraje wschodnie, które wcześniej utrzymywały bliskie relacje z Niemcami lub Austro-Węgrami. W Galicji została utworzona Zachodnioukraińska Republika Ludowa. Kilka miesięcy później Wschodnia Galicja została podbita przez polskie siły zbrojne i zaanektowana do Polski. Krym był niepodległą republiką i wykorzystywano go jako główny punkt lądowania dla interweniujących sił europejskich. Jednak interwencja ta nie miała w ogóle wpływu na ukraińską politykę.
W latach 1919 i 1920, Ukraina oglądała stały wzrost wpływów Rosji, a wojska bolszewickie zajęły Kijów 5 lutego 1919 roku. Ukraińska Republika Ludowa doznała druzgoczącej porażki w konsekwencji został przywrócony radziecki rząd ukraiński. Jednak wojska bolszewickie nie były w stanie całkowicie zniszczyć ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej, w obliczu ofensywy ‘Białych’ w Południowej Rosji. W roku 1920 cała wschodnia i centralna Ukraina, z wyjątkiem Krymu, była ponownie w rękach bolszewików.
Krym, w tym momencie historii był pod silnym wpływem antykomunistycznych sił „Białych”pod dowództwem Wranglera. Jakkolwiek, jego siły stanowiły ostatni punkt oporu przeciwko siłom anarchistów oraz armii czerwonej w 1920 roku. W przybliżeniu 50.000 jeńców wojennych poddano egzekucji na Krymie. Jest to uważane za największą masakrę w wojnie domowej. Krymska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka (KSRR) została ogłoszona częścią Rosyjskiej ZSRR.
W 1922 wojna domowa się skończyła, a partia komunistyczna proklamowała powstanie Związeku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich (ZSRR), Federacji Rosyjskiej, Zachodniej Ukrainy, Białorusi i Zakaukazia. Po II Wojnie Światowej Ukraina otrzymała z powrotem swoje terytoria historyczne - część Węgier i przedwojennej Polski. W 1954 Obwód Krymski dołączono do Ukrainy. Jednak Ukraina nie była niezależną republiką, aż do upadku ZSRR. Półwysep Krymski ponownie jest miejscem walki o władze między Rosją a Ukrainą.
Wersja EN
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - Em evidência: Breve história sobre as relações Russo-ucranianas e a Criméia Pt.II
Em evidência: Breve história sobre as relações Russo-ucranianas e a Criméia
Parte II: A Ucrânia ao fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial e a Criméia entre forças
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Líderes políticos do Rada, prestes a serem derrotados, iniciaram as negociações com as Potências Centrais, enfim convencendo ambas Alemanha e Áustria-Hungria a unirem forças. Após o Tratado de Brest-Litovsk, os bolcheviques na Ucrânia foram forçados a acabar com o conflito, pelo menos formalmente. Na verdade, os ataques continuaram e com a declaração do Hetmanate anti-bolchevique, as tensões com a Rússia atingiram um novo clímax uma vez que o governo estabeleceu fortes laços com Berlin. Até novembro 1918, a Ucrânia viveu um breve período de paz e estabilidade política, mas quando as forças alemãs foram retiraradas, as relações se romperam, deixando a Ucrânia novamente sob a influência russa.
Depois que a Primeira Guerra Mundial chegou ao fim e a Alemanha foi derrotada, o governo russo de Lenin não perdeu tempo em demonstrar sua posição: desfez o Tratado de Brest-Litovsk e invadiu países do Oriente, que anteriormente mantinham relações estreitas com a Alemanha ou a Áustria-Hungria. Na Galícia, a República Popular da Ucrânia Ocidental foi declarada, apenas para ser derrotada pelas forças polonesas meses depois, anexando a Galícia Oriental à Polônia. A península da Criméia, neste momento uma república independente, foi utilizada para bloquear o principal ponto de desembarque das forças européias. No entanto, a intervenção não teve impacto algum sobre a política ucraniana.
Durante os anos de 1919 e 1920, a Ucrânia viu um aumento constante da influência russa e as tropas bolcheviques tomaram Kiev, em 05 de fevereiro de 1919. A República Popular da Ucrânia enfrentou a derrota imediata e o governo ucraniano soviético foi restabelecido. No entanto, as tropas bolcheviques não foram capazes de destruir totalmente a República Popular da Ucrânia, enfretando uma ofensiva russa branca ao sul da Rússia. Em 1920, toda região central e oriental da Ucrânia, exceto a Criméia, estava novamente nas mãos dos bolcheviques.
A Criméia, neste momento da história, foi fortemente influenciada pelas forças anti-comunistas dos russos brancos sob o commando do general Wrangler. No entanto, suas forças se posicionaram contra as forças anárquicas e o Exército Vermelho, pela última vez, em 1920. Cerca de 50.000 prisioneiros de guerra foram executados na Criméia. Este é considerado o maior massacre na Guerra Civil. A República Socialista Soviética Autônoma da Criméia (ASSR), foi proclamada como parte da República Socialista Federativa Soviética Russa.
Em 1922, a guerra civil chegou ao fim e o Partido Comunista proclamou a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), uma federação com a SFSR russa, Ucrânia Ocidental, Bielorrússia e Transcaucásia. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, foram devolvidos à Ucrânia seus territórios históricos, partes da Hungria e Polônia pré-guerra. Em 1954, o Oblast da Criméia também foi transferido para a Ucrânia. No entanto, a Ucrânia não se tornou uma república independente até o fim da URSS. A península da Criméia é novamente o local para a constante luta pelo poder entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia.
Parte II: A Ucrânia ao fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial e a Criméia entre forças
Líderes políticos do Rada, prestes a serem derrotados, iniciaram as negociações com as Potências Centrais, enfim convencendo ambas Alemanha e Áustria-Hungria a unirem forças. Após o Tratado de Brest-Litovsk, os bolcheviques na Ucrânia foram forçados a acabar com o conflito, pelo menos formalmente. Na verdade, os ataques continuaram e com a declaração do Hetmanate anti-bolchevique, as tensões com a Rússia atingiram um novo clímax uma vez que o governo estabeleceu fortes laços com Berlin. Até novembro 1918, a Ucrânia viveu um breve período de paz e estabilidade política, mas quando as forças alemãs foram retiraradas, as relações se romperam, deixando a Ucrânia novamente sob a influência russa.
Depois que a Primeira Guerra Mundial chegou ao fim e a Alemanha foi derrotada, o governo russo de Lenin não perdeu tempo em demonstrar sua posição: desfez o Tratado de Brest-Litovsk e invadiu países do Oriente, que anteriormente mantinham relações estreitas com a Alemanha ou a Áustria-Hungria. Na Galícia, a República Popular da Ucrânia Ocidental foi declarada, apenas para ser derrotada pelas forças polonesas meses depois, anexando a Galícia Oriental à Polônia. A península da Criméia, neste momento uma república independente, foi utilizada para bloquear o principal ponto de desembarque das forças européias. No entanto, a intervenção não teve impacto algum sobre a política ucraniana.
Durante os anos de 1919 e 1920, a Ucrânia viu um aumento constante da influência russa e as tropas bolcheviques tomaram Kiev, em 05 de fevereiro de 1919. A República Popular da Ucrânia enfrentou a derrota imediata e o governo ucraniano soviético foi restabelecido. No entanto, as tropas bolcheviques não foram capazes de destruir totalmente a República Popular da Ucrânia, enfretando uma ofensiva russa branca ao sul da Rússia. Em 1920, toda região central e oriental da Ucrânia, exceto a Criméia, estava novamente nas mãos dos bolcheviques.
A Criméia, neste momento da história, foi fortemente influenciada pelas forças anti-comunistas dos russos brancos sob o commando do general Wrangler. No entanto, suas forças se posicionaram contra as forças anárquicas e o Exército Vermelho, pela última vez, em 1920. Cerca de 50.000 prisioneiros de guerra foram executados na Criméia. Este é considerado o maior massacre na Guerra Civil. A República Socialista Soviética Autônoma da Criméia (ASSR), foi proclamada como parte da República Socialista Federativa Soviética Russa.
Em 1922, a guerra civil chegou ao fim e o Partido Comunista proclamou a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), uma federação com a SFSR russa, Ucrânia Ocidental, Bielorrússia e Transcaucásia. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, foram devolvidos à Ucrânia seus territórios históricos, partes da Hungria e Polônia pré-guerra. Em 1954, o Oblast da Criméia também foi transferido para a Ucrânia. No entanto, a Ucrânia não se tornou uma república independente até o fim da URSS. A península da Criméia é novamente o local para a constante luta pelo poder entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia.
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[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
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On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
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On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
↧
[Flag] - On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and Crimea, Pt. II
On the Edge: A brief history on Russian-Ukrainian relations and the role of Crimea
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
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Name: 140304_Crimea_Special_02_img.jpg
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ID: 14071]()
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
Part II: Ukraine at the end of WWI and Crimea between the forces
On the edge of defeat, leading Rada politicians entered negotiations with the Central Powers, in the end convincing both, Germany and Austria-Hungary, to join forces. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Bolsheviks in Ukraine were forced to end the conflict, at least formally. In fact, assaults continued and with the declaration of the anti-Bolshevik Hetmanate the tensions with Russia reached a new climax since the government formed strong ties with Berlin. Until November 1918 Ukraine saw a brief period of peace and political stability, but when German forces were withdrawn, formed relationships broke, leaving Ukraine back under Russian influence.
After World War I came to an end and Germany was defeated, the Russian government under Lenin lost no time to demonstrate its stand: Undoing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and invading Eastern countries, which formerly held close relationships to Germany or Austria-Hungary. In Galicia, the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was declared, only to be defeated by Polish forces months later, annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland. The peninsula Crimea, at this point an independent republic, was used by intervening European forces as their main landing point. However, the intervention did have no effect on Ukrainian politics at all.
During the years 1919 and 1920, Ukraine saw a steady rise of Russian influence and Bolshevik troops took Kiev on February 5th of 1919. The Ukrainian People’s Republic faced immediate defeat and the Soviet Ukrainian government was re-instated. However, Bolshevik troops were not able to totally demolish the Ukrainian People’s Republic, facing a White Russian offensive in South Russia. By 1920 all of Eastern and central Ukraine except Crimea was again in Bolshevik hands.
Crimea, at this point of history, was heavily influenced by the anti-communistic forces of the White Russians under the commando of General Wrangler. However, his forces made their last stance against anarchic forces and the Red Army in 1920. Approximately 50.000 prisoners of war were executed in Crimea. This is considered the largest massacre in the Civil War. The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was pronounced as a part of the Russian SFSR.
In 1922, the Civil War came to an end and the communist party proclaimed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a federation of Russian SFSR, Western Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. After World War II, Ukraine was given its historical territories, parts of Hungary and pre-war Poland back. In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was also transferred to Ukraine. However, Ukraine did not become an independent republic until the end of the USSR. The peninsula Crimea is again the location for the ongoing struggle for power between Russia and Ukraine.
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[Flag] - On the Edge: Krim zwischen Russland und der Ukraine, Teil 2
On the Edge: Eine kurze Geschichte der Beziehungen zwischen Russland und der Ukraine
Part II: Der ukrainische Unabhängigkeitskrieg
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Mit einer endgültigen Niederlage vor Augen wandten sich die Politiker der Rada schlussendlich an die Zentralmächte und suchten nach einem Verbündeten. Diesen fanden sie in Deutschland und mit dem Vertrag von Brest-Litovsk griffen sowohl Deutschland als auch Österreich-Ungarn in den Bürgerkrieg ein und zwangen die Bolschewiken den Krieg in der Ukraine formal zu beenden.Tatsächlich fanden die Übergriffe aber kein Ende und mit der Ausrufung der konservativen Hetmanate erreichten die Spannungen mit Russland einen neuen Höhepunkt, da sich die Regierung nun stärker an Berlin gebunden sah. Bis zum November 1918 sah die Ukraine eine kurze Phase von politischer Stabilität, doch mit dem Abzug Deutscher Truppen kehrte der russische Einfluss zurück.
Nach der Niederlage Deutschlands im Ersten Weltkrieg verlor die russische Regierung unter Lenin keine Zeit, ihre Position zu verdeutlichen: Der Brest-Litovsk Vertrag wurde annulliert und die Russische Armee marschierte in ehemalige pro-deutsche Länder Osteuropas ein. In Galizien wurde unterdessen die Westukrainische Volksrepublik ausgerufen, die nur wenige Monate später von polnischen Truppen überrannt wurde. Die Halbinsel Krim,bis dato eine unabhängige Republik, die aktuell unter russischer Besetzung steht, wurde von westlichen Truppen genutzt, um im Hafen von Sewastopol zu landen. Das Einschreiten der Truppen verpuffte in der Ukraine jedoch ohne Auswirkung.
In den Jahren 1919 und 1920 sah sich die Ukraine dem steigenden Einfluss bolschewikischer Truppen ausgesetzt. Auch ein Einschreiten Polens konnte schlussendlich den steigenden russischen Einfluss in weiten Teilen der Ukraine nicht verhindern. Die Ukrainische Volksrepublik unterlag den bolschewikischen Truppen und die Politiker wurden gezwungen, sich an die polnische Grenze zurückzuziehen. Zerschlagen wurde die Republik aber nicht, da eine Offensive der Weißen Armee die Existenz des Bolschewismus in Südrussland bedrohte und für die Truppen dringender erschien. Im Jahr 1920 befand sich allerdings das gesamte ukrainische Gebiet mit Ausnahme Krims in russischen Händen.
Die Halbinsel Krim war zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine Hochburg der Weißen Armee unter Kommando von Generalleutnant Pjotr Wrangel. Nach der vernichtenden Niederlage im Jahr 1920 gegen die Rote Armee wurden schätzungsweise 50.000 Anhänger der Bewegung von Truppen der Roten Armee hingerichtet. 1921 wurde Krim dann zur Autonomen Sozialistischen Sowjetrepublik (ASSR)innerhalb Sowjetrusslands ausgerufen und blieb damit verwaltungstechnisch von der Ukraine getrennt.
Im Jahr 1922 fand der russische Bürgerkrieg ein Ende und die kommunistische Partei rief die UdSSR aus, eine Föderation aus Russland, Weißrussland, dem westlichen Teil der Ukraine und Transkaukasien. Die ukrainische Regierung war nahezu machtlos, behielt aber bis 1928 eine eigenständige Rolle in der UdSSR, die erst Stalin durchbrach. Mit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges erhielt die Ukraine weite Teile des historischen Gebietes zurück und zusätzlich Teile Ungarns und Polen. Im Jahre 1954 wurde auch die Halbinsel Krim dem Hoheitsgebiet des Staates hinzugefügt.Politisch gesehen ist die Ukraine aber erst seit dem Zusammenbruch der UdSSR ein eigenständiger europäischer Staat.
Part II: Der ukrainische Unabhängigkeitskrieg
Mit einer endgültigen Niederlage vor Augen wandten sich die Politiker der Rada schlussendlich an die Zentralmächte und suchten nach einem Verbündeten. Diesen fanden sie in Deutschland und mit dem Vertrag von Brest-Litovsk griffen sowohl Deutschland als auch Österreich-Ungarn in den Bürgerkrieg ein und zwangen die Bolschewiken den Krieg in der Ukraine formal zu beenden.Tatsächlich fanden die Übergriffe aber kein Ende und mit der Ausrufung der konservativen Hetmanate erreichten die Spannungen mit Russland einen neuen Höhepunkt, da sich die Regierung nun stärker an Berlin gebunden sah. Bis zum November 1918 sah die Ukraine eine kurze Phase von politischer Stabilität, doch mit dem Abzug Deutscher Truppen kehrte der russische Einfluss zurück.
Nach der Niederlage Deutschlands im Ersten Weltkrieg verlor die russische Regierung unter Lenin keine Zeit, ihre Position zu verdeutlichen: Der Brest-Litovsk Vertrag wurde annulliert und die Russische Armee marschierte in ehemalige pro-deutsche Länder Osteuropas ein. In Galizien wurde unterdessen die Westukrainische Volksrepublik ausgerufen, die nur wenige Monate später von polnischen Truppen überrannt wurde. Die Halbinsel Krim,bis dato eine unabhängige Republik, die aktuell unter russischer Besetzung steht, wurde von westlichen Truppen genutzt, um im Hafen von Sewastopol zu landen. Das Einschreiten der Truppen verpuffte in der Ukraine jedoch ohne Auswirkung.
In den Jahren 1919 und 1920 sah sich die Ukraine dem steigenden Einfluss bolschewikischer Truppen ausgesetzt. Auch ein Einschreiten Polens konnte schlussendlich den steigenden russischen Einfluss in weiten Teilen der Ukraine nicht verhindern. Die Ukrainische Volksrepublik unterlag den bolschewikischen Truppen und die Politiker wurden gezwungen, sich an die polnische Grenze zurückzuziehen. Zerschlagen wurde die Republik aber nicht, da eine Offensive der Weißen Armee die Existenz des Bolschewismus in Südrussland bedrohte und für die Truppen dringender erschien. Im Jahr 1920 befand sich allerdings das gesamte ukrainische Gebiet mit Ausnahme Krims in russischen Händen.
Die Halbinsel Krim war zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine Hochburg der Weißen Armee unter Kommando von Generalleutnant Pjotr Wrangel. Nach der vernichtenden Niederlage im Jahr 1920 gegen die Rote Armee wurden schätzungsweise 50.000 Anhänger der Bewegung von Truppen der Roten Armee hingerichtet. 1921 wurde Krim dann zur Autonomen Sozialistischen Sowjetrepublik (ASSR)innerhalb Sowjetrusslands ausgerufen und blieb damit verwaltungstechnisch von der Ukraine getrennt.
Im Jahr 1922 fand der russische Bürgerkrieg ein Ende und die kommunistische Partei rief die UdSSR aus, eine Föderation aus Russland, Weißrussland, dem westlichen Teil der Ukraine und Transkaukasien. Die ukrainische Regierung war nahezu machtlos, behielt aber bis 1928 eine eigenständige Rolle in der UdSSR, die erst Stalin durchbrach. Mit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges erhielt die Ukraine weite Teile des historischen Gebietes zurück und zusätzlich Teile Ungarns und Polen. Im Jahre 1954 wurde auch die Halbinsel Krim dem Hoheitsgebiet des Staates hinzugefügt.Politisch gesehen ist die Ukraine aber erst seit dem Zusammenbruch der UdSSR ein eigenständiger europäischer Staat.
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Dynamic Immortal Alliance - Group D.I.A.
Η συμμαχία D.I.A είναι ανοικτή σε προκλήσεις από άλλες συμμαχίες.
Προτιμήσεις:
Χάρτες Ευρώπης
5 vs 5
Όχι χρήση Goldmarks
Προεπιλογή παικτών
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Όχι χρήση Goldmarks
Προεπιλογή παικτών
Όχι έξτρα μονάδες - Μόνο πεζικό και κλασσικές units
Έπιλογή χωρών
Με κωδικό
Παρακαλώ πρώτα να σταλεί μήνυμα στον αρχηγό της συμμαχίας :cool: ...
↧
Namen und Titel der Herrsche auf der 30er Map- Neue Version by jenkins222
Da ich die alte Liste im Forum gefunden habe und fand das eine verbesserte Version eine gute Idee wäre. Hier haben wir die neue Namens- und Herrscherliste für die 30er Map.Bei Vorschlägen,Fehlern oder anderer Kritik (gerne auch Lob^^) einfach in Thread schreiben.
Alter Post:http://forum.supremacy1914.com/showt...-auf-der-30map
Land: United Kingdom/Großbritannien
Herrscher: King George V.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_V...C3%B6nigreich)
Land: Republik Frankreich
Herrscher: Président Rymond Poincaré
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9
Land: Deutsches Kaiserreich
Herrscher: Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II._(Deutsches_Reich)
Land: Königreich Italien
Herrscher: Re Vittorio Emanuele III. (Hierbei ist anzumerken das Papst Pius X. als Staatschef auf der 30er Karte fungiert ,aber das is Schwachsinn deswegen hier Viktor Emanuel III.)
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_III.
Land: Zentral Russland
Herrscher: Tsar/Czar Nikolaus II. (Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Romanow)
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus_II._(Russland)
Land: Königreich Schweden
Herrscher: Kung Gustav V.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_V._(Schweden)
Land: Osmanisches Reich
Herrscher: Sultan Mehmed V.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_V.
Land: Österreich-Ungarn
Herrscher: Kaiser Franz-Joseph I.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I.
Land: Königreich Spanien
Herrscher: Rey Alfonso XIII.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XIII._(Spanien)
Land: Sultanat Marokko
Herrscher: Sultân Mulai Yusuf
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulai_Yusuf
Land: Königreich Griechenland
Herrscher: Vasilias Konstantinos I.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstan...(Griechenland)
Land: Großherzogtum Polen
Herrscher: Marzalek Jakow Schilinski
Wikipedia: Gibt es nicht
Land: Königreich Rumänien
Herrscher: Rege Ferdinand I.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(Rum%C3%A4nien)
Land: Ost-Algerien
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Joseph Joffre
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Joffre
Land: West-Algerien
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Joseph Simon Gallieni
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni
Land: West-Libyen
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Vincenzo Garioni
Wikipedia: (nur italienisch)
Land: Ost-Libyen
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Giovanni Ameglio
Wikipedia: (wieder nur italienisch)
Land: Autonomes Gebiet Grönland/ dänische Kolonie
Herrscher: Inspektør Ole Bendixen
Wikipedia: (keiner vorhanden)
Land: Anglo-Ägyptischer Sudan/ Sultanat Ägypten
Herrscher: Sultân Hussein Kamil
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Kamil
Land: Kaukasus
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Alexander Iwanowitsch Barjatinski
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Barjatinski
(Anmerkung: Der Mann ist 1914 bereits lange tot, aber das Bild stimmt 100% überein XD)
Land: Arabien
Herrscher: Imam
Land: Nord-Kanada
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Arthur Wilhelm , Duke of Connaught and Streathearn
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur,_1._Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn
Land: Süd-Kanada
Herrscher: Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Borden
Land: Nördliche USA
Herrscher: Gouverneur Martin H. Glenn
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_H._Glynn
Land: Zentrale USA
Herrscher: President Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson
Land: Südliche USA
Herrscher: Gouverneur Miles McSweeny
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Benjamin_McSweeney
Land: Königreich Norwegen
Herrscher: Konge Haakon VII.
Wikipedia:http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakon_VII
Land: Großherzogtum Finnland
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Franz Albert Seyn
Wikipedia:http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Albert_Seyn
Land: Nord Russland
Herrscher: Großherzog Michail Alexandrowitsch Romanow
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail...witsch_Romanow
Land: Großherzogtum Litauen
Herrscher: Großherzog Antanas Smetona (eigentlich erster Präsident)
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antanas_Smetona
Land: Ukraine
Herrscher: Hetman Pawlo Skoropadskyj
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawlo_Skoropadskyj
Kommende To-do Liste:
-Bilder Links zu den Herrschern
-Arabischer Herrscher
-Listen für Südamerika,Asien und Afrika sind in Planung
-Fehler ausbessern falls vorhanden
-Sich dafür entschuldigen das er es in der Überschrift verkackt hat XD
Alter Post:http://forum.supremacy1914.com/showt...-auf-der-30map
Land: United Kingdom/Großbritannien
Herrscher: King George V.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_V...C3%B6nigreich)
Land: Republik Frankreich
Herrscher: Président Rymond Poincaré
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9
Land: Deutsches Kaiserreich
Herrscher: Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II._(Deutsches_Reich)
Land: Königreich Italien
Herrscher: Re Vittorio Emanuele III. (Hierbei ist anzumerken das Papst Pius X. als Staatschef auf der 30er Karte fungiert ,aber das is Schwachsinn deswegen hier Viktor Emanuel III.)
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_III.
Land: Zentral Russland
Herrscher: Tsar/Czar Nikolaus II. (Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Romanow)
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus_II._(Russland)
Land: Königreich Schweden
Herrscher: Kung Gustav V.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_V._(Schweden)
Land: Osmanisches Reich
Herrscher: Sultan Mehmed V.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_V.
Land: Österreich-Ungarn
Herrscher: Kaiser Franz-Joseph I.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I.
Land: Königreich Spanien
Herrscher: Rey Alfonso XIII.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XIII._(Spanien)
Land: Sultanat Marokko
Herrscher: Sultân Mulai Yusuf
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulai_Yusuf
Land: Königreich Griechenland
Herrscher: Vasilias Konstantinos I.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstan...(Griechenland)
Land: Großherzogtum Polen
Herrscher: Marzalek Jakow Schilinski
Wikipedia: Gibt es nicht
Land: Königreich Rumänien
Herrscher: Rege Ferdinand I.
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(Rum%C3%A4nien)
Land: Ost-Algerien
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Joseph Joffre
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Joffre
Land: West-Algerien
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Joseph Simon Gallieni
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni
Land: West-Libyen
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Vincenzo Garioni
Wikipedia: (nur italienisch)
Land: Ost-Libyen
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Giovanni Ameglio
Wikipedia: (wieder nur italienisch)
Land: Autonomes Gebiet Grönland/ dänische Kolonie
Herrscher: Inspektør Ole Bendixen
Wikipedia: (keiner vorhanden)
Land: Anglo-Ägyptischer Sudan/ Sultanat Ägypten
Herrscher: Sultân Hussein Kamil
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Kamil
Land: Kaukasus
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Alexander Iwanowitsch Barjatinski
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Barjatinski
(Anmerkung: Der Mann ist 1914 bereits lange tot, aber das Bild stimmt 100% überein XD)
Land: Arabien
Herrscher: Imam
Land: Nord-Kanada
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Arthur Wilhelm , Duke of Connaught and Streathearn
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur,_1._Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn
Land: Süd-Kanada
Herrscher: Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Borden
Land: Nördliche USA
Herrscher: Gouverneur Martin H. Glenn
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_H._Glynn
Land: Zentrale USA
Herrscher: President Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson
Land: Südliche USA
Herrscher: Gouverneur Miles McSweeny
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Benjamin_McSweeney
Land: Königreich Norwegen
Herrscher: Konge Haakon VII.
Wikipedia:http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakon_VII
Land: Großherzogtum Finnland
Herrscher: Generalgouverneur Franz Albert Seyn
Wikipedia:http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Albert_Seyn
Land: Nord Russland
Herrscher: Großherzog Michail Alexandrowitsch Romanow
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail...witsch_Romanow
Land: Großherzogtum Litauen
Herrscher: Großherzog Antanas Smetona (eigentlich erster Präsident)
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antanas_Smetona
Land: Ukraine
Herrscher: Hetman Pawlo Skoropadskyj
Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawlo_Skoropadskyj
Kommende To-do Liste:
-Bilder Links zu den Herrschern
-Arabischer Herrscher
-Listen für Südamerika,Asien und Afrika sind in Planung
-Fehler ausbessern falls vorhanden
-Sich dafür entschuldigen das er es in der Überschrift verkackt hat XD
↧